Citations:

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "The Human Microbiome Project: Extending the Definition of What Constitutes a Human." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 110, no. Supplement 1, 2013, pp. 4688–4695, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3770869/.

2. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "The Human Microbiome Project: A Community Resource for the Healthy Human Microbiome." PLoS Biology, vol. 10, no. 8, 2012, e1001377, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2863361/.

3. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Placental parasitic infections reported are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes." Parasitology Research, vol. 114, no. 11, 2015, pp. 4121–4130, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9887502/#:~:text=Placental%20parasitic%20infections%20reported%20are,low%20birth%20weight%20and%20stillbirth.

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Neglected Parasitic Infections (NPIs) in the United States." www.cdc.gov/parasites/resources/pdf/npi_factsheet.pdf.

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Soil-transmitted Helminths (STH)." www.cdc.gov/parasites/sth/index.html#:~:text=An%20estimated%20576%2D740%20million,transmitted%20helminths%20(parasitic%20worms).

6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Whipworm." www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/index.html.

7. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Toxocara Infection in the United States: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 93, no. 4, 2015, pp. 789–794, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4442724/.

8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Parasites - Ascariasis." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), vol. 34, no. 41, 1985, pp. 621–624, www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025967.htm.

9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Parasites - Transmission." www.cdc.gov/parasites/transmission/index.html.

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Parasites - Children." www.cdc.gov/parasites/children.html.

11. NHS (National Health Service). "Worms in Humans." www.nhs.uk/conditions/worms-in-humans/#:~:text=Worms%20are%20mainly%20spread%20in,does%20not%20wash%20their%20hands.

12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Parasites - Roundworms and Hookworms." www.cdc.gov/parasites/resources/web/roundworms_hookworms.html.

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Pinworm Infection FAQs." www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/gen_info/faqs.html#:~:text=People%20become%20infected%2C%20usually%20unknowingly,airborne%20and%20ingested%20while%20breathing.

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Parasites - Travelers." www.cdc.gov/parasites/travelers.html#:~:text=International%20travelers%20can%20be%20at,by%20vector%2Dborne%20transmission%2C%20or.

15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Ascariasis - Symptoms and Causes." Mayo Clinic, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ascariasis/symptoms-causes/syc-20369593.

16. Weinstock, Joel V., and Paul W. Sciaky. "Migration of larval Ascaris suum in mice: presence in the liver and lungs." The Journal of Parasitology, vol. 80, no. 5, 1994, pp. 674–676, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7469214/.

17. Anthony, R. M., et al. "Memory T(H)2 cells induce alternatively activated macrophages to mediate protection against nematode parasites." Nature Medicine, vol. 12, no. 8, 2006, pp. 955–960, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618732/#:~:text=Parasitic%20worms%20can%20establish%20and,tolerant%20response%20to%20parasite%20antigens.

18. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Toxocara Infection in the United States: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 93, no. 4, 2015, pp. 789–794, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4442724/.

19. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections: Ascariasis, Trichuriasis, and Hookworm." The Lancet, vol. 379, no. 9812, 2012, pp. 1521–1532, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110372/.

20. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Diphyllobothriasis in a child: first case report in Canada." CMAJ, vol. 191, no. 26, 2019, E738-E741, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585781/.

21. KidsHealth. "Pinworm Infections." www.kidshealth.org/en/parents/pinworm.html#:~:text=Also%20ask%20if%20pinworms%20could,kids%20and%20aren%27t%20harmful.

22. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infection in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report." Avicenna Journal of Medicine, vol. 6, no. 2, 2016, pp. 56–58, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4926779/.

23. World Health Organization. "What you need to know about tapeworm infections." www.who.int/vietnam/news/feature-stories/detail/what-you-need-to-know-about-tapeworm-infections#:~:text=There%20are%20a%20couple%20of,fully%20developed%20in%20the%20intestine.

24. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Parasites in the eye of the beholder - IOL explantation and examination of potential parasitic contamination." GMS Ophthalmology Cases, vol. 9, 2019, Doc05, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433149/.

25. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Parasitic infections of the central nervous system: a diagnostic approach." Neurology India, vol. 65, no. 2, 2017, pp. 301–309, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5680167/.

26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Gnathostomiasis - FAQs." www.cdc.gov/parasites/gnathostoma/faqs.html#:~:text=When%20someone%20eats%20the%20parasite,for%202%20or%203%20weeks.

27. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "A Rare Case of Cholangiocarcinoma with Concurrent Strongyloides stercoralis Infection." Cureus, vol. 11, no. 11, 2019, e6173, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6382596/.

28. PubMed. "Hookworm infection reduces appetite for food in pregnant women." pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7828114/.

29. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Bruxism due to intestinal parasites." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, 2010, pp. 211–213, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177368/#:~:text=Bruxism%20due%20to%20intestinal%20parasites,its%20various%20stages%20of%20life.

30. Cleveland Clinic. "Pinworm Infections." my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21137-pinworms.

31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Pinworm Infection - Epidemiology & Risk Factors." www.cdc.gov/parasites/pinworm/epi.html.

32. Mayo Clinic. "Pinworm Infection - Symptoms and Causes." www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20376382.

33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Hookworm Infection - FAQs." www.cdc.gov/parasites/hookworm/gen_info/faqs.html.

34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Hookworm Infection." www.cdc.gov/parasites/hookworm/index.html.

35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Whipworm Infection." www.cdc.gov/parasites/whipworm/index.html#:~:text=People%20with%20heavy%20infections%20can,and%20may%20grow%20more%20slowly.

36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Liver Flukes." www.cdc.gov/parasites/liver_flukes/index.html.

37. Mayo Clinic. "Tapeworm Infection - Symptoms and Causes." www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tapeworm/symptoms-causes/syc-20378174.

38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Diphyllobothrium Infection - FAQs." www.cdc.gov/parasites/diphyllobothrium/faqs.html.

39. National Geographic. "Why Madagascar's Tapeworms Matter to You." www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-madagascars-tapeworms-matter-to-you.

40. MedlinePlus. "Ascariasis." medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001375.htm.

41. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Neurocysticercosis - FAQs." www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/gen_info/faqs.html#:~:text=This%20infection%20occurs%20after%20a,the%20condition%20is%20called%20neurocysticercosis.

42. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Neurocysticercosis in the United States - Fact Sheet." www.cdc.gov/parasites/resources/pdf/npis_in_us_neurocysticercosis.pdf.

43. World Health Organization. "Epilepsy." www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy.

44. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "A review of cystic echinococcosis in Canada." Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 84, no. 2, 2020, pp. 101–108, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173582/.

45. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Echinococcus granulosus Sensitivity to Albendazole in Cystic Echinococcosis: Magic Bullet or Acquired Resistance?" The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 98, no. 2, 2018, pp. 487–492, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5976025/.

46. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Transmission of Parasites." www.cdc.gov/parasites/transmission/index.html#:~:text=Symptoms%20of%20foodborne%20parasitic%20infections,diarrhea%20and%20other%20gastrointestinal%20symptoms.

47. Mayo Clinic. "Toxoplasmosis - Symptoms and Causes." www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toxoplasmosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20356249.

48. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Toxoplasmosis." www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/index.html#:~:text=Toxoplasmosis%20is%20considered%20to%20be,the%20parasite%20from%20causing%20illness.

49. El-Kholy, Omar Ali et al. "The Effect of the Essential Oil of Pelargonium graveolens against Trichinella spiralis Larvae in Experimentally Infected Mice." Parasitology Research, vol. 115, no. 4, 2016, pp. 1595–1601, puj.journals.ekb.eg/article_31268.html.

50. Kaushik, Ruchi et al. "Exploring the potential of selected natural compounds to combat Murine Typhoid." Drug Research, vol. 68, no. 2, 2018, pp. 63–68, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21272580/.

51. Islamuddin, Mohammad et al. "Curcumin curtails the replication of the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani." International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance, vol. 9, 2019, pp. 85–94, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30992676/.

52. Abolaji, Amos O. et al. "Hepatoprotective effects of curcumin, silymarin and trimethylglycine against paracetamol-induced liver injury in mice." Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 62, 2013, pp. 393–400, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24161990/.

53. Islamuddin, Mohammad et al. "Comparative analysis of antileishmanial activity of serially passaged (p4) Leishmania major with its parent strain." Parasitology Research, vol. 94, no. 4, 2004, pp. 273–277, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15507457/.

54. Islamuddin, Mohammad et al. "Therapeutic and immunomodulatory activities of short-course treatment of murine visceral leishmaniasis with KALSOME™10, a new liposomal amphotericin B." BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 15, 2015, 188, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26358271/.

55. Naz, Shabnam et al. "Artemisia absinthium induced worm paralysis in helminths in a dose-dependent manner." pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28606189/#:~:text=Artemisia%20absinthium%20induced%20worm%20paralysis,in%20a%20dose%2Ddependent%20manne.

56. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Neglected Helminth Infections in the United States: The Need for a National Plan." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 2, no. 9, 2008, e320, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666695/.

57. Johns Hopkins Medicine. "Constipation." www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/constipation#:~:text=About%204%20million%20people%20in,2.5%20million%20doctor%20visits%20annually.

58. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Constipation: Evaluation and Management." Gastroenterology Research, vol. 12, no. 2, 2019, pp. 73–82, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6620762/.

59. PubMed. "Treatment of chronic constipation with the naturally occurring anthraquinone glycoside Sennoside A." pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11307928/.

60. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Insights into the impact of host immunity, gut microbiota, and antibiotic use on invivo infections of the intestinal epithelium by the attaching and effacing pathogen Citrobacter rodentium." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808856/#:~:text=IAP%20has%20multiple%20roles%20in,microbiota%20%5B27%2C28%5D.

61. PubMed. "Polyethylene glycol versus lactulose in chronic constipation." pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26371734/.

62. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6358997/#:~:text=Psyllium%20is%20a%20widely%20used,and%20altering%20the%20colonic%20environment.

63. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "The use of herbal medicines in the treatment of constipation: A systematic review." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928727/.

64. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Constipation in the Elderly Population." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204705/.

65. Mayo Clinic. "Aloe." www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-aloe/art-20362267.

66. MedlinePlus. "Cascara." medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/773.html#:~:text=Cascara%20sagrada%20contains%20chemicals%20that,evidence%20to%20support%20these%20uses.

67. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Senna: A treatment for constipation in Parkinson's disease - a pilot study." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9830937/#:~:text=Senna%20herb%2C%20a%20medicinal%20plant,FDA%20as%20a%20nonprescription%20laxative.

68. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Senna for managing chronic constipation: A review of the clinical evidence." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5849545/.

69. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Review of clinical studies of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and its isolated bioactive compounds." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4678494/.

70. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Ginger and its Constituents: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7847707/.

71. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Effects of Zingiber officinale on Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4477151/.

72. University of Rochester Medical Center. "Cayenne." www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=19&contentid=Cayenne.

73. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "Ginger, an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9654013/#:~:text=Ginger%20contains%20a%20vast%20amount,symptoms%20from%20an%20inflammatory%20process.

74. National Center for Biotechnology Information. "A Comprehensive Review on Medicinal Plants as Antidiabetic Therapeutics." Current Diabetes Reviews, vol. 13, no. 3, 2017, pp. 276–285, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5652050/.